There are numerous reasons for farmers and regional communities to support plantation establishment. The primary reason, especially in regions of lower rainfall, is to improve agricultural systems and their sustainability by ameliorating serious broad-scale environmental degradation, such as dryland salinity. Secondary considerations include enhancing local and regional aesthetics, enhancing biodiversity and providing wind-breaks and stock shelter. In some cases, wood production may be a low priority, but for most a commercial return is essential to justify the investment in time and money establishing and managing plantations. The focus on ‘high-value’ solid-wood products in this project is to compensate for the anticipated slow growth rates and high establishment, management, harvesting, transport and processing costs for sawlog production in this zone.