This report provides some assessments of productivity losses in eucalypt plantations in the Murray Valley due to insect damage. It presents comparative data on the relative susceptibility of various species of eucalypts, as well as within-species differences in insect resistance. The report also presents an economic evaluation of various management scenarios for insect pest management, and addresses the need for the development of non-chemical insect management options, not only to reduce production losses, but also to maintain the “freedom to operate” for this emerging industry based on multi-purpose plantations in agricultural landscapes.