Industrial Hemp Variety Trials: Results from The University of Sydney Stanthorpe trial site for the 2023-24 growing season

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Australia’s climate and agronomic conditions are conducive to cultivating industrial hemp, Cannabis sativa L., i.e. low-tetrahydrocannabinol hemp. The approval of hemp seed for human consumption in April 2017 by Food Standards Australia and New Zealand, combined with increasing interest in hemp fibre as a sustainable material in building and other products, has the domestic industry well-positioned to grow.

However, there are several barriers to industry growth, such as insufficient agronomic data, variability in seed quality, and inconsistent outcomes across different regions and sowing periods. These issues highlight the need for comprehensive, region-specific research to guide growers and support the industry’s growth and development.

Within this context, the nationwide Industrial Hemp Variety Trials (IHVT) program aims to provide Australian hemp growers with independent information about grain and dual-purpose varieties suited to different production regions within Australia, including ideal planting times and agronomic practices in line with local growing conditions.

This report outlines the findings of the 2023-24 trial at Mount Malakoff, southwest of Stanthorpe, in Queensland’s Southern Downs region. The trial, the second and final at the site, consisted of four seed varieties – Excalibur, Ruby, Bialobrzeskie and Henola – and one planting date – 22 November 2023. Crops were evaluated on plant density, height, root depth, dry matter yield, grain yield, water use efficiency and grain quality parameters.

The best-performing varieties in this season for this region were Excalibur and Ruby. Excalibur produced the highest grain yield at 1.22 t/ha, making it suitable for grain production. This variety also had a high harvest index and was an efficient user of water, making it a strong candidate for growers looking for a high grain yield. Ruby produced the highest biomass yield at 7.5 t/ha, indicating its potential for fibre/biomass production. Ruby also had the highest 1,000 grain weight and grain oil content, making it a good option for dual-purpose production (grain and biomass). Planting in late November is likely optimal for successful germination and emergence in the Southern Downs region.

Growers should consult the final project report for the Stanthorpe trial site for a detailed analysis of two seasons of data across three sowing times. This research provides valuable insights for industrial hemp stakeholders, offering guidance on selecting suitable varieties and optimal sowing times.